Plant-Based Substitutions (2024)

When embarking on a new eating lifestyle, many people are concerned with finding plant-based substitutions for their old favorite recipes. Whether it’s dairy, eggs, meat, or seafood, don’t fret – you have many fantastic options!

Below I’ve outlined all those and more. Consider this your comprehensive guide to plant-based alternatives to animal-based products, although if you find something missing, please let me know.

Also, remember that eating a plant-based diet means whole foods, for the most part. Therefore, you should only eat meat substitutions, usually higher in fat and salt, sparingly or only while you're making the transition.

Dairy-Free Milk Choices

With so many choices on the market today, milk is probably one of the easiest non-plant-based items to find suitable plant-based substitutes. Whichever type you choose as your plant-based milk substitute, you’ll want to stay clear of the sweetened versions to avoid unnecessary sugar intake.

If you want to try making your own plant milk, you can use a high-speed blender for nut milk and others. Here's my article on making nut milk. Or, try this smaller version from Nutr. I've written a review of it and am offering a discount code if you're interested.

While it mostly comes down to personal taste preference, from almond to soy, and everything in-between, here’s the lowdown on unsweetened, dairy-free milk:

Oat Milk is the new darling of the plant milk movement. Like most of the rest, it often has additives that aren't considered a whole food, so become a label reader and choose wisely. For flavor, the Oatly brand is quite pleasant, and you can purchase it without added sugar.
Almond milk is probably the most well-known non-dairy milk available. It’s a low-calorie option and is usually fortified with B12, which is a nice plus for plant-based eaters. However, if you’re looking for a milk alternative that provides some of your daily protein needs, you’ll want to keep looking as it only has 1 gram per 8-ounce serving. If you're ambitious, you can make your own almond milk which will not have any additives.
Coconut milk is another popular option, though it is even lower in protein than almond milk. It also is high in B12, with one 8-ounce serving giving you 50% of the USRDA. It contains several other vitamins and minerals, such as vitamin D, magnesium, calcium, iron, and zinc.
Cashew milk is becoming more popular as it’s become more commercially available. Many people are fans of this milk alternative because of its flavor and thicker consistency, closer to that of dairy milk. Unless you’re making it yourself, it is similarly low in protein to almond milk. It also contains generous amounts of B12, calcium, vitamin D, vitamin A, vitamin E, and iron.
Soy milk is a long-standing favorite for many; this alternative is calorically similar to dairy milk, with about 80-130 calories per 8-ounce serving. Soy milk has the most protein of the non-dairy milk (7 grams per cup) and contains good amounts of B12, calcium, and vitamin D. magnesium, phosphorous, folate, and riboflavin.
Hemp milk is another nutrient-dense option. While it only has 2 grams of protein in an 8-ounce serving, it contains substantial amounts of calcium, vitamin D, riboflavin, B12, phosphorous, magnesium, iron, and zinc. It can be harder to find, and not everyone enjoys its earthier flavor.
Rice milk is a good option for those with nut and soy sensitivities. It, too, is low in protein (1 gram per cup) and is higher in calories than all of the other options mentioned here. Also, rice has arsenic, so you may want to stay away for that reason. If you are going to go with rice milk, make sure to get one fortified with calcium and other vitamins and minerals (though the levels will be lower than the others mentioned here). Learn more about arsenic in rice and how to mitigate it when working with rice. Organic has arsenic, too, by the way.
Pea Protein Milk from Ripple. These come in different varieties, from unsweetened to regular and vanilla flavored. This brand is fortified with calcium and has added fat. It's a good substitute for those wanting to stay away from nuts or soy.
Flax Milk also comes in unsweetened, regular, and vanilla. It's fortified with Vitamin D2 and B12 and naturally has calcium.

Buttermilk

To replace buttermilk, add one tablespoon lemon juice or apple cider vinegar to 1 cup of non-dairy milk. Let stand for 10 minutes. The milk may curdle somewhat.

Cheese

There are also a remarkable number of non-dairy cheeses available commercially. Some are delicious; some could easily be confused with plastic. Here are of few of the best plant-based cheese substitute options and why I think they’re worth giving a try.

Treeline is a brand of artisanal cheeses that are sure to please any cheese-lover seeking a plant-based cheese alternative. Made from cultured cashews, they’ve got both soft kinds of cheese and aged hard cheeses. If you can find this brand in your area and love cheese, this might be a good choice, although they are rather pricey, as are most vegan substitutions.
Follow Your Heart brand is a great go-to for a huge variety of plant-based vegan options, including cheeses. From blocks to slices to shreds, they’ve got you covered. Their shreds even MELT, which is pretty awesome if you’re familiar with cheese alternatives. Some of their products contain soy, and some don’t. If you’re looking for meltiness, make sure you get one that contains soy.
Kite Hill makes truly delicious spreadable cheeses. These go great on bread and crackers, making them great for any party where you need quick hors d'oeuvres. They also offer a lovely soft-ripened ricotta cheese, as well as pre-made ravioli stuffed with their cheeses! You can find the Kite Hill brand in Whole Foods stores nationwide.
Go Veggie is another brand worth mentioning. Some of their products do have dairy so check carefully when you're looking. These are a wonderful choice if you’re a plant-based grilled cheese fan!
If you're adventurous and want to make your own, try the recipes from this new book by Julie Piatt, "The Cheese is Nuts!" From what I've seen, the recipes look delicious.

Butter & Oils

Believe it or not, there are quite a few good choices to use to replace oil and butter. From broth to various foods, here are my top choices for a plant-based butter substitute. If you want to cook with less oil, you might like this article, "Cooking without Oil."

Vegetable broth: I use this to sauté vegetables. You can add a couple of tablespoons at a time, being careful not to drown your veggies. You want the veggies simmering nicely in just enough broth to keep wet but not fill up the entire pan you’re using. You can also use broth in baked-veggie recipes as a fat replacement – make sure to keep checking as they’re cooking in case you need to add more broth. In a pinch, water can be used in the same way.
Bananas: Bananas are a great replacement for cookies, quick bread, or things like pancakes, but be aware that your recipe will have a banana flavor! Start with half of the number of mashed bananas, as there is oil in the recipe, and if your batter is too dry, add more in, little by little. It might take some experimenting to get it right with this one.
Applesauce: If you don’t want all your baked goods to taste like bananas, applesauce is a good replacement option. It will work well for dense things, like cakes and muffins. You can do a 1-to-1 swap of applesauce for a plant-based butter alternative.
Prune puree: To make prune puree, put your pitted prunes in a food processor with a little bit of water until it’s smooth. Use 1 tbsp of water with every ounce of prunes that you use. Prunes work best in chocolate-flavored recipes like brownies because, in lighter-flavored things, you will taste the prunes. Use an amount of puree equal to the amount of fat that is called for in the recipe.
Nut butter: When baking, you can use a nut butter fat replacer. This works especially well in cookie, muffin, and bread recipes. While you’re still adding calories to the recipe, you’re also adding more protein, minerals, and fiber than you would be if you were using oil. Swap it out of the recipe cup-for-cup. You’ll want to use a creamy variety of whatever nut butter you choose. Expect a dense end-product.

Eggs

There are a lot of simple ways you can replace eggs when baking, a lot of which you probably already have the ingredients necessary. The following are ways to replace one egg:

Mix 1 tablespoon ground flaxseed with 2 ½ tablespoons of water and let it sit 10 minutes before using.
Mix 1 tablespoon chia seed with 3 tablespoons water and let sit for 15 minutes before using
Use ¼ cup applesauce
Use ½ of a mashed banana
Use ¼ cup of silken tofu
Mix 3 tablespoons of chickpea flour with 3 tablespoons of water
Mix 2 tablespoons of cornstarch with 3 tablespoons of water
Mix 1 tablespoon soy protein powder with 3 tablespoons of water
Mix 2 tablespoons arrowroot powder with 3 tablespoons of water
3 Tablespoons unwhipped aquafaba (juice from a can of chickpeas)
Two tablespoons for egg yolks
One tablespoon for egg whites.

There's also thisegg replacementfrom the Follow Your Heart brand. Not only can you use it in baking, but you can also make plant-based omelets and scrambled eggs with this plant-based substitute for eggs!

Mayonnaise

Try this homemade version and keep it on hand for making delicious tempehsalad or crunchy Waldorf salad. It's made with tofu and is your healthiest option. Otherwise, there are vegan versions in your market, like Vegenaise

Honey

Did you know that honey is not actually vegan? It's up to you whether you want to eat it or not. While there are other ways to substitute for honey, a whole food version is maple syrup. You can also find vegan honey but it may take a litter hunting. Try a Google search for "vegan honey."

Gelatin

Gelatin presents a challenge for anyone looking to stick to a plant-based diet since it’s an animal product. Here are a couple of options for you:

Agar powder: Though this will give you a texture that is less “jiggly” than gelatin, it’s a nice replacement for things like firm plant-based jellies. You can replace this 1-to-1 for gelatin powder. It's sometimes called Agar Agar.
Pectin is in the cell walls of many fruits. It forms a thick gel-like substance when it's heated and mixed with sugars and acids. It’s a popular, common ingredient in store-bought jellies and jams.

Fish

There are new vegan fish substitutions and others coming to market, but as with all of these substitutions, they often contain high amounts of fat and salt. Try these 5 Delish Ways to Enjoy Seafood Flavor without Eating Any Fish from One Green Planet! Also, try my plant-based fish substitute recipe, .

Meat

Some whole foods meat substitutes or replacements are less processed and more whole food than others, so choose wisely. If you're starting to eat less meat, some of the more processed meat replacements might help you through but aim for healthier versions, ultimately.

Less Processed:

Tofu:There are so many ways to use tofu! So many, in fact, that I have an entire article dedicated to it. For all the ways you can use tofu as a meat replacement, check out my article here.
Tempeh: Made from fermented soybeans, tempeh is another excellent meat substitute. I’ve got another full-length article on the topic that will help explain how you can use it in your plant-based recipes.
Seitan: Another meatless alternative I’ve talked about before is seitan. You can make it yourself or use store-bought. For more on how to use seitan in your recipes, read my article here.
Beans: Any variety of beans, either groundor mashed, can bea great filling for things like burritos and sandwiches. You won’t get the same texture as meat, but you will get a filling, nutritious meal. And as most plant-based eaters know, a black-bean burger is a truly wonderful thing!

Aside from quick swaps you can make as plant-based substitutions, there are many products on the market that are made specifically for plant-based eaters who miss eating meat. Here are a few of the best brands out there today. But, again, be careful with these as they often have more fat and additives. I've listed a couple here, but you can find the complete list at Peta.org.

More Processed:

Beyond Meat is a relatively new company that touts itself as the “future of protein. Their plant-based burger patties look and cook like fresh-ground beef, and have passed the taste tests of vegetarians and meat-eaters alike!
Yves Veggie Cuisine has been around for quite a while, offering anything from falafel balls to Bologna to ground-meat replacement. If you’re looking for easy-to-prepare options, check out what Yves offers.
Gardein not only has beef and poultry alternatives but fish replacements as well. They’ve got some mini “crab cakes” that look amazing! And they even have gluten-free options as well!
New "synthetic" meats are on the horizon and may help people transition to a plant-based diet.

Least Processed:

No Evil Foods is the only one I've found (so far) that is made without added oils.

There are dozens of options for meatless meats on the market today. I found a site that is a great place to search to see all of the products out there. It’s called Fake Meats. Check it out if you’ve got a meat craving!

When you begin a plant-based diet, you may feel like your choices are limited. But as you can see here, with these plant-based substitutions, there are many ways to keep your meals delicious and interesting while fulfilling the cravings you may get for non-plant-based foods.

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